大作文基本了解

得分+时间+要求

大作文得分占比2/3，时间约40分钟，要求250字上下

类型

  • 优缺点
  • 同意不同意
  • 双边观点
  • 报告类

结构layout

开头

开头句由两部分构成：背景句+观点句

  1. 背景句改写

    • 换词
    • 换主语
    • 传统现在对比法（也要追求词语和主语的多样性）
      • 传统：Traditionally/It is traditional that…
      • 现在：
        • But now this situation has changed with… - But now it has been suggested that…
        • But now it has been encouraged that…

    注意：题目中有两个对比的对象时，可以选择对比法，没有对比的对象时，直接换词、换主语。

  2. 观点句写法

    • 优缺点，同意不同意：用 although 表明观点
    • 双边观点：观点 A 和观点 B 矛盾，用 although；不矛盾，用 both and
    • 报告类：直接回答题目（原因＋措施；原因＋结果；措施＋结果）

中间段

（后面详细讲）

结尾

（与开头对应）

开头结尾举例

优缺点类开头结尾

In some countries, more and more adults choose to live with their parents after they graduate and find jobs. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

利弊相等

开头：Living with parents has become an increasingly popular choice among young adults who have already graduated and been employed. In my opinion, this practice has both positive and negative outcomes.

结尾 ：Overall, staying with parents is beneficial to these graduates. However, it may also lead to some problems that should not be overlooked.

利大于弊

开头：Living with parents has become an increasingly popular choice among young adults who have already graduated and been employed. In my opinion, this practice has some benefits, although there are some problems that should not be overlooked.

结尾：Overall，staying with parents should be encouraged. While such a practice may lead to problems, the negative outcomes can be reduced to a minimum by means of effective methods.

总之，xxx是应该被鼓励的，虽然xxx会导致一些问题，但是这些后果可以通过一些措施被减轻到最小（the negative outcomes can be reduced to a minimum by means of effective methods）。

弊大于利

开头：Living with parents has become an increasingly popular choice among young adults who have already graduated and been employed. Although this practice has some benefits, it may lead to some problems.

结尾：Overall，while there are some advantages in advocating such a practice, it is not practical for these graduates to stay with their parents.

同意不同意开头结尾

Schools should stop teaching children with books which students think boring, and use films, TV, video games and computer instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（2018.8.18）

偏向同意

开头：Traditionally, students are taught through written books. Nowadays, different teaching methods like films, video games are suggested to replace the boring books. In my opinion, I generally agree with the practice, although it may lead to some problems.

结尾：In conclusion, replacing paper-based teaching method with media-based one should be encouraged, although this practice may have some drawbacks.

偏向不同意

开头：Traditionally, students are taught through written books. Nowadays, different teaching methods like films, video games are suggested to replace the boring books. In my opinion, I generally disagree with the practice, although it has some benefits.

结尾：In conclusion, although replacing paper-based teaching method with media-based one has some benefits, this practice has some drawbacks and should not be encouraged.

双边观点

两观点矛盾（A or B）

Some people think that younger people are not suitable for important positions in governments of countries, while others think that it is a good idea for younger people to take these positions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（2017.10.21）

开头：Leaders or directors in governments are important positions. People have different views on whether young people are qualified to such posts. In my opinion, Although this group may have problems in taking these posts, I would argue that it is a good choice for them to do so.

结尾：In conclusion, these young people should be given the equal access to the important positions in governments. Although they may be less experienced, this can be addressed effectively by means of related measures.

两观点不矛盾（A and B）

People have different views on how governments reduce traffic congestion. Some think it can be solved by building more trains and subway lines, while others think building more roads and widening existing roads will reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（2018.7.7）

开头：In contemporary society, the traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious. People have different views on how to tackle such a pressing problem. In my opinion, both the development of public transport and the construction of roads are equally important.

结尾： In conclusion, the above mentioned two measures are not mutually exclusive. They both play an significant part in alleviating traffic jam.

报告类

The natural resources such as oil, forests and water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause and how can we solve the problems?（2015.8.1）

开头：In recent years, the depletion of natural resources has become increasingly rapid. This may lead to serious consequences and it is high time that related measures should be adopted.

结尾：Overall, the problems are alarmingly pressing. However, If the above mentioned measures are taken effectively and efficiently, the negative outcomes can be reduced to a minimum.

中间段结构

优缺点 Advantage or disadvantage

偏向于好处

偏向于好处用起立驳尾

起

Although there may be a problem, I think such a practice is beneficial/should be encouraged.

立

（写一个优点或两个优点都可以）

  1. 优点 1：
  • 方法一：The obvious argument in favor of sth（sth 是根据题目来，比 如可以是 doing unpaid community service/learning art classes） is that ＋完整的句子（优点 1）
    • Eg：The obvious argument in favor of doing unpaid community service is that students could develop interpersonal skills（优点具体）
  • 方法二：It is true that ＋完整的句子(优点 1)
    • Eg：It is true that doing unpaid community service tends to have a favorable effect on students.（优点抽象）
  1. 优点 2：
    Apart from that，another reason for advocating sth （sth 根据题目来, 比 如可以是 voluntary projects）is that ＋完整的句子（优点 2）
  • Eg：Apart from that, another reason for advocating voluntary projects is that students can adapt to the society easily.
驳

（坏处可以被解决） However, it may be argued that sth is bad for sb. Specifically, ＋缺点. Fortunately, this alarmingly pressing problem could be reduced to a minimum if ＋措施

尾

In conclusion，sth is beneficial to sb. Although it may have a problem, it could be solved effectively and efficiently by means of related measure.(注意 measure，problem 的单复数)

偏向于坏处

偏向于坏处用起承转合

起

Although it may be beneficial, the problems should not be overlooked.

承

The obvious argument in favor of sth（sth 是根据题目来，比如可以是 doing unpaid community service/learning art classes） is that ＋完整的 句子（优点）

转

However, the problems arising from this practice are far more pressing. The first shortcoming is that＋完整的句子（缺点 1 ）Another drawback is that＋完整的句子（缺点 2）

合

In conclusion，sth should not be encouraged，although it is good for sb.

同意不同意Agree or disagree

同样可以用到起立驳尾和起承转合的结构

起立驳尾

（把同意的原因立起来，再说不同意，随后反驳不同意）

  • Eg：Some people believe that it is a good idea to continue to work at their old age. Do you agree or disagree?
    • 起：同意老人持续工作
    • 立：同意的原因（有经验，对公司好）
    • 驳：不同意的原因，随后反驳（身体较差，但只要公司合理安排时间，保证老人有足够的休息，坏处就可以避免）
    • 尾：同意老人持续工作

起承转合

（先承认同意的原因，再转向不同意）

  • Eg: Some said the teachers’ main role is to transmit the information. Nowadays students are exposed to different information, so the role of the teacher will not work in modern education. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
    • 起：不同意老师会消失
    • 承：同意的原因（学生可以自学，不需要老师）
    • 转：不同意的原因（但学生不能辨别网上信息的真假，老师的存在， 可以让老师和学生互动，可以向学生提供帮助）
    • 合：不同意老师会消失

双边观点 Both views

  1. 两观点矛盾，用 A or B 结构
  • Introduction： Although B…, I think A…（偏向于 A）
  • Body1： Some people think that 观点 A 的合理性
  • Body2： However, opponents may make it clear that 先说观点 B 的合理性，再 说观点 B 的不合理性
  • Conclusion：偏向观点 A
  1. 两观点不矛盾，用 A and B 的结构
  • Introduction： Both A and B
  • Body1： Some people think that 观点 A 的合理性
  • Body2： However, opponents may make it clear that 观点 B 的合理性。
  • Conclusion： Both A and B

报告类结构

Consumption of the world’s resources(such as oil,fresh water,etc) is increasing at a dangerous rate. What are the causes of this increased consumption? What can people do to reduce it?

Introduction：
In recent years, people deplete natural resources rapidly. From my perspective, there are several reasons accountable for this phenomenon and it is high time that related measures should be adopted.

Body1：
First of all, sth is the primary reason.(原因 1)＋Another cause is that（原因 2）

Body2:
Serious as the phenomenon is, there are some effective and efficient measures. One possible method is to（措施 1）. Another solution is to （措施 2）

Conclusion:
Overall the consumption of the world’s resources is undergoing a dangerous rate, however, it is still not too late to settle the problem. With population control and the improvement of the awareness of saving resources, the problem can be effectively addressed.

论证方法总结

  1. 原因：this is because, as, since
  2. 结果: as a result, as a consequence, consequently
  3. 假设：when
  4. 抽象到具体：like, such as
  5. 反面论证: by contrast (最多用一次）

Eg：The participation in community services helps develop students’ interpersonal skills. This is because they would meet different peers coming from different background. When asked to finish some tasks, like cleaning a library or taking good care of old people, such teenagers may be encountered with some problems. In this case, they are more likely to cooperate with each other with the aim of successfully and effectively solving the problems. As a result, these adolescents could have a better understanding of the importance of team spirit, which helps them to adjust to a wider community easily. By contrast, those who stay away from such free services may find it hard to adapt to the society where cooperation is of great significance.